DJ Strouse

the rantings of a baby scientist

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Book Review: Isaac Newton by James Gleick

July 1st, 2009 by djstrouse
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Isaac NewtonMy Goodreads Review
rating: 4 of 5 stars

A concise picture of Isaac Newton that avoids the two extremes of scientist biographies that tend to turn people off: (1) the middle school gossip approach that focuses primarily on rivalries and sexcapades and (2) the rigorous and mathtastic summary of the scientist’s major papers. This is not only a well-balanced portrait of Newton the man, thinker, and scientist, but is a superb characterization of the early days of western science, the scientific journal, and the novel idea of sharing information with your fellow researchers (something that surprisingly many in those days were loathe to do, Newton included).

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Book Review: Feynman Lectures on Computation by Richard Feynman

June 30th, 2009 by djstrouse
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Feynman Lectures on ComputationMy Goodreads Review
rating: 4 of 5 stars

There’s a reason Richard Feynman is the most famous physics lecturer of all time. No, it’s not because he held his office hours in a strip club (though he did) or that he helped develop the atomic bomb (though he did) or that he openly abused drugs, attended nudist gatherings, and played the bongos (though he did). Surely these have contributed to his legend but, most importantly, RPF was a master of the analogy.

Warning: Impending Tangent on Science Education and Modeling
Science education lends itself very well to the analogy. Consider the following. It seems most intuitive that a student wanting to learn a topic should want the most straightforward and realistic explanation possible. The student might say, “Tell me exactly how it really works.” Unfortunately for the student, that’s not always the best approach. First of all, science does not tell us exactly how things work. Science gives us models that act similarly enough to what we’re interested in that the models make useful and accurate predictions. And where do we get inspiration from these models? From our everyday experience and intuition! Fortunately for us, the universe seems to have a beautiful mathematical structure to it and many different systems in nature seem to follow roughly the same models. What does this mean for the student? It means that often the best explanation of a physical phenomenon will, instead of focusing solely on that phenomenon, touch on related yet more familiar phenomenon that follow similar dynamics. In other words, the student should say, “Tell me how something similar but more familiar to me works, then connect them.” The ability to appropriately cite these related phenomenon is the mark of a truly great teacher and was a staple of RPF’s lecture style.
Tangent Over

Undergraduate “computer science” education in the US has unfortunately come to mean “database manager training.” The Feynman Lectures on Computation are the perfect flotation device for any disheartened, theory-loving, future mathematician or computer scientist drowning in the overwhelming sea of code that is the path to a B.S. in computer science.

Feynman begins with the question “Exactly what does a computer do?” and offers a wonderful analogy of simpleton file clerks shuttling papers back and forth. From there, he takes the reader on a tour through basic gates and operations, reversible computing, the theory of computation, “Mr. Turing’s machines”, computability and the halting problem, coding and information theory, thermodynamics, exotic forms of computation, the physics of transistors and other components, and the physical limits of computation. Though many books play it safe and treat only the most established theories and ideas, Feynman isn’t afraid to pose current (circa 1983) research questions and his work-in-progress solutions. Feynman’s primary interests are in exploring just how far we can push computers given the laws of physics: how fast can they go, what can or cannot be computed, and how much energy must we use?

Despite the quality of the lectures, this book’s finest feature is the exercises. Feynman frequently preaches the “pleasure of discovery” and embeds his lectures with creative, fun, and instructive exercises. In fact, the most memorable lesson I drew from this book was that an hour of thinking and playing with an idea is often worth more than 24 of reading about it. To those who don’t see the point of solving problems that were solved decades or centuries before by others, Feynman offers the following wonderful characterization of science (paraphrased):

The life of a young scientist is spent rederiving old results, gradually rediscovering more and more recent ideas, until one day, he discovers something that no one else has ever discovered before. They key point is that without all that practice on “old” problems, it’s insanely difficult to develop the skill and confidence to work on “new” ones.

The major weakness of this book is that parts of it are quite dated. Feynman gave his lectures in the early 80s and even by the time this book was published in 1996, much of the hardware physics was already archaic. However, the parts of the book on theory (the bulk) are still quite relevant. Even the dated bits are quite useful to simply get the flavor of how the laws of physics can be exploited to do useful computations. Most importantly, however, dated or not, this book is just plain fun to read.

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Benvenuto a Torino: A Day in the Life of a Mountain-Dwelling Physicist

June 29th, 2009 by djstrouse
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Despite my lack of planning, Italian fluency, sense of direction, or luggage, I have successfully navigated my way to Torino, Italy to spend the next five weeks living on a mountain, doing physics, climbing glaciers, and eating gelato. To explain this strange lifestyle, I invite you to join me on a typical day.

Hermit on a Hill
My Kingdom

Everyday I wake up to this view. I live atop a mountain just east of the Po River at the Villa Gualino Hotel and Conference Center. If you’ve never lived in a conference center (I had not), you probably do not appreciate the vast, diverse, and strange reasons that people might hold a conference. While I can’t always read the Italian signs declaring their official titles, conferences thus far seem to have been themed: “Old British Women Watching Movies About Buddhism”, “Elderly Men with Nice Cars, Model Wives, and a Keen Interest in Fireworks”, and, perhaps the most legitimate scientifically, “At the Roots of Complexity: The Emergence of Structures in Matter, Brain, Life, Language” (more on that in a moment).

Each morning I stumble downstairs for Italy’s pride and joy – espresso. Good coffee in the States is notoriously hard to come by but great espresso virtually bubbles out of the sewers in Torino. Hopped up on the world’s favorite stimulant, I head back to my room for some light reading. On days I’m feeling particularly bold, I might snag a workout in the hotel’s dangerously under-maintainenced fitness center. In any case, I crack open a can of the world’s cheapest, heartiest, and most underrated breakfast – garbanzo beans. At .40 euro a pop and sprinkled with some curry powder, that’s a highly concentrated dose of frugality, deliciousness, and energy.* Afterwards, I bumble through Italian lessons with my infinitely patient tutor, Rosetta Stone, and eventually, I head to work.

*This morning I discovered the hotel actually serves a free breakfast that has been hidden from me for the last week.

A Child in a Toy Factory
The Institute for Scientific Interchange Foundation houses PhD students, postdocs, and research scientists studying quantum information, complex systems, statistical physics, and a host of other topics physical, mathematical, and biological. Notice the omission of words like “undergraduate” or “classes.” I’m easily the youngest in my research group by at least five years. What does this make me? Somewhat like a child in a toy factory – the toys that come down the conveyor belt are neat and fun to play with but the machines that make them are a bit mysterious. Luckily, all the factory workers are happy to explain how they do what they do and each day, I get a little bit closer to a contributing child laborer. (Note: the comparison of physicists to assembly line workers is only accidental here; I’d argue science is slightly more creative than factory work.)

The name of the game at the ISI Foundation is interdisciplinary collaboration. ISI has no permanent faculty and was founded originally only to host conferences, later expanding to include more long-term project groups as well. This leads to a fantastic atmosphere for seminars and lunch conversations. I’m still amazed that most universities wall off their departments from one another like little independent nations with no foreign relations. It’s quite easy for a physicist or mathematician or computer scientist to go a year or more without serious scientific discussion with someone from another department. That must change. Not only is science more productive when scientists reach out to other disciplines for advice, it’s a heck of a lot more fun. The week I arrived brought together neuroscientists, linguists, and statistical physicists to trade ideas on the complex workings of the brain. Given my interests, they might as well have laid out a red carpet with my name on it. This week brings the ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia.

My Desk

I’m not one for offices so I spend most of my time stretched out on a couch in the lobby or outside on the veranda. There are, however, certainly reasons I can be convinced to hang out in an office and one of those is private teaching sessions from damn fine physicists. This week, I’ll be drawn back in for a series of seminars by the quantum info group, essentially to catch me up on what they are working on. I have a notion of the project I’ll be working on (and it’s really cool) but I’ll save that for its own post later this week.

Leaving the Nest
The sun doesn’t go down until after 9pm in the summers here. Coupled with the intense focus that most people bring to work at ISI, it’s easy to not leave the Institute until 8 or 9pm. Fortunately, my evening “commute” involves about a dozen stairs because ISI is located directly next to the hotel.

The Beverly Hills of Italy

Now physicists aren’t quite known for their physical prowess, but the quantum info group here is a notable exception. Most evenings, four of us will sadistically jog our way directly up the mountain. When it comes to running, I’m essentially a domesticated animal as I do most of my running indoors on a treadmill back home at USC due to a complete lack of nature trails. Gradually, however, I’m being reintroduced to the wild. The epic views of the “Beverly Hills” of Italy are a nice incentive.

On other days, if I get particularly anxious or tired, I’ll head out in the early evening to walk the city, and Torino is an incredible playground for the curious. Unlike American cities which tend to be dominated by private property, European cities are full of public spaces, gardens, and courtyards for exploring. Torino is also home to a host of beautiful parks, Italy’s finest gelato, and a plethora of excellent restaurants and museums. Such offerings, however, deserve their own post and not the relegation to a mere addendum to a glorified journal entry, and so, I save further discussion of them for another day.

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